Assessment of Pad Clogging

Author: Bolton C et al, Journal of Community Nursing Jun 2004 18(6)
Aim: To assess the ‘clogging’ of incontinence pads following the use of Sudocrem, CavilonDurable Barrier Cream and Conotrone
Methods: 12 adult volunteers underwent 4 evaluation sessions. Product was applied to the arm and a piece of Tena lady super incontinence pad was then placed directly over the treated area and taped in place for 5 minutes and then 120 minutes. At the end of each time period, the piece of the pad was carefully removed and placed treated side up in a sealed container. These pads were analysed by lab staff unaware of the treatment by applying artificial urine to each test piece and timing complete absorption of this urine.
Results: All products gave a moisture uptake of 100% of urine within 20 seconds
Conclusion: There appeared to be no difference between products for their potential to block moisture absorbance by an incontinence pad and when applied according to manufacturers instructions there appears to be little potential for creams to clog incontinence pads.

MASD part 3: Peristomal Moisture Associated Dermatitis and Periwound Moisture Associated Dermatitis. A Consensus

Author: Colwell J et al Journal of Wound Ostomy Continence Nursing 2011 38 (5) 541-553
Abstract: Moisture associated dermatitis occurs when excessive moisture in urine, stool and wound exudates leads to inflammation of the skin, with or without erosion or secondary cutaneous infection. This article is a consensus of opinion from a group of clinical experts on the assessment, prevention and treatment of MASD affecting the peristomal and peri-wound skin.

Causes and Strategies for Moisture Lesions

Author: Bianchi J, Nursing Times Jan31- Feb 6, 2012, 108(5)
Abstract: Moisture lesions or incontinence associated dermatitis are painful and distressing consequences of prolonged exposure to urine and faeces. They may adversely affect patients’ physical and psychological wellbeing so minimising damage is a vital part of the nurse’s role. This article outlines the causes of moisture lesions and strategies to prevent and treat them as well as the causes of urinary and faecal incontinence and containment options.

Effect of a Structured Skin Care Regimen on Patients With Fecal Incontinence: A Comparison Cohort Study

Author: Hee Park K, Soon Kim K, Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing 2014 41(1) 1-7
Aim: To measure the effect of a structured skincare regimen for critically ill patients with fecal incontinence
Method: 76 patients were enrolled. 38 were in the experimental group and 38 in the control group. A structured skincare regimen was developed and implemented which included regular use of a no-rinse cleanser, application of a skin protectant and an indwelling fecal drainage system if appropriate. Stool consistency was recorded and Incontinence Associated Dermatitis and its Severity (IADS) scores were given. The assessment was made for the occurrence of pressure sores over 7 days.
Results: Patients in the intervention group had significantly lower IADS scores and were less likely to develop pressure ulcers.
Conclusion: A structured skin regimen decreased IADS scores and occurrence of pressure ulcers. Higher IADS scores were associated with an increased risk for pressure ulcer development.

Pressure Ulcer or Moisture Lesion – what’s the difference

Author: Voogeli D, Nursing and Residential Care 2011 13(5) 1-4
Abstract: The author explains how using the PULCAS tool can help differentiate between a pressure ulcer and moisture skin damage. Both seen at an early stage appear very similar. There are other tools available to guide risk assessment and pressure classification but confusion exits in differentiating between skin breakdown caused by pressure ulcers and excessive moisture. This leads to difficulties with adopting the correct interventions to deal with the problem.

Maintaining healthy skin in infancy using prevention of irritant napkin dermatitis as a model

Author: Atherton D, Community Practitioner 2005 78 (7) 255-257
Abstract: Irritant napkin dermatitis is a form of contact dermatitis that occurs in the nappy area as a consequence of the disruption of skin barrier integrity by prolonged contact with faeces and urine. This update considers the reasons that irritant napkin dermatitis develops and the simple methods that parents can adopt to avert it. These same methods can be used for general skincare in babies in this age group with the aim of preventing atopic dermatitis.

Management of Tissue Excoriation in Older Patients with urinary or faecal incontinence

Author: Copson D, Nursing Standard 2006 21(7)
Abstract: This article discusses good skincare in relation to the management of incontinence. It looks at how incontinence can damage the skin and provides an overview of the current management methods that are used to prevent tissue excoriation. It also suggests an effective alternative that could be used if previous strategies have failed.

Title: Care of the Child with an Ostomy

Editor Nancy T Browne et al (2013) Nursing Care of the Paediatric Surgical Patient 3rd Ed
p137  Jones & Bartlett Learning. LLC
Abstract: This chapter focuses on the care of the child after they have had a stoma formed. Ilex Skin Protectant is listed as a product to use around very irritated stoma sites.
Title: Skin Care of the Incontinent Patient
Author: Benbow M, Journal of Community Nursing 2012 26(2)
Abstract: This article explores best-recommended practice in the management of skin damage caused by incontinence.